11.2 The Evolution of the Internet¶
URL: https://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/11-2-the-evolution-of-the-internet/
A big topic seen throughout history, rapid development comes during times of crisis and war. —
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The first is the persistence of the Internet—its Cold War beginnings necessarily influencing its design as a decentralized, indestructible communication network1
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Facebook itself is built off of dozens of protocols which allow many different apps to easily integrate with it —
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Facebook is a simple example of a protocol: Users can easily communicate with one another, but only through acceptance of protocols that include wall posts, comments, and messages1
benefits of distrubuted networks¶
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A protocol is essentially computer languages. (human language make the same sounds different languages interpret differently, but many people interpreting it the same is beneficial. Protocols are the same, if every computer uses (speaks) the same methods it becomes very easy to connect computers together). —
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Makes communications a lot more reliable and resilient. This also drastically speeds up the internet because you aren't waiting in a line to get access to the hub, you have many paths to choose from allowing you to always have access to a node in the network. —
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Instead of using electronic signals to send an unending stream of ones and zeros over a line (the equivalent of a direct voice connection), DARPA used this new packet-switching technology to send small bundles of data. This way, a message that would have been an unbroken stream of binary data—extremely vulnerable to errors and corruption—could be packaged as only a few hundred numbers.1
Neccessities for adoption computers
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The key word here is standard. —
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This invention of a simple standard for e-mail is often cited as one of the most important factors in the rapid spread of the Internet, and is still one of the most widely used Internet services.1
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Another factor that led to the popularity of the email, instant communication;
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The speed and relatively inexpensive nature of e-mail makes it a prime competitor of postal services—including FedEx and UPS—that pride themselves on speed.1
Standardization of websites¶
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Pretty much said this in my above comment —
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Because Internet Explorer, Firefox, Apple Safari, Google Chrome, and other browsers all interpret the same code in more or less the same way, creating web pages is as simple as learning how to speak the language of these browsers.1
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This is very good for a language like English where the meaning lies within the text, but not so much with many other languages such as Mandarin. The telegraph also faced a very similar problem. —
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Chat rooms allowed many users to type live messages to a “room” full of people, while Instant Messenger allowed two users to communicate privately via text-based messages.1
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he first of these browsers to make its mark was the program Mosaic, released by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois. Mosaic was offered for free and grew very quickly in popularity due to features that now seem integral to the web.1
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Ads were pointless if they were not seen by the right people. It was like a hope that somehow your add was seen by the right person. That's why AdSense is so popular, it specifically targets you by farming all your searches on the public web. —
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Although advertising is pervasive on the Internet today, the current model—largely based on the highly targeted Google AdSense service—did not come around until much later.1
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Profitability has been a key point for if something is successful or not. Its why the telegraph and telephone were so popular because people could make money off of it. This is different from the fax machine because the fax machine had real good purpose but since it could not be profitable it was never adopted early on. —
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Social networking had been going on since at least the invention of Usenet in 1979 (detailed later in the chapter), but the recurring problem was always the same: profitability.1
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This model of free access to user-generated content departed from almost anything previously seen in media, and revenue streams would have to be just as radical.1
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There are three important aspects of communication that the Internet has changed, and these have instigated profound changes in the way we connect with one another socially: the speed of information, the volume of information, and the “democratization” of publishing, or the ability of anyone to publish ideas on the web.1
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While many people may share strong opinions on the idea of social media and how it could or could not be harmful to how we think of ourselves, the fact is that without it the world would be a completely different place. —
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Recent years have seen an explosion of new content and services; although the phrase “social media” now seems to be synonymous with websites like Facebook and Twitter, it is worthwhile to consider all the ways a social media platform affects the Internet experience.1
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It is something that can truly been seen as free speech. Anyone could post something anonymously, so it led to many people sharing their most controversial views. —
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The group was fundamentally and explicitly anarchic, as outlined by the posting “What is Usenet?” This document says, “Usenet is not a democracy…there is no person or group in charge of Usenet …Usenet cannot be a democracy, autocracy, or any other kind of ‘-acy (Moraes, et. al., 1998).’”1
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It allows many people to get help from complete strangers that are well informed about many diverse topics. It allows the pooling of decades of human research and advancement from all around the world into one place. —
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. In some ways, the service allowed a new kind of collaboration that seemed like the start of a revolution: “I was able to join rec.kites and collectively people in Australia and New Zealand helped me solve a problem and get a circular two-line kite to fly,” one user told the United Kingdom’s Guardian (Jeffery, et. al., 2009).1
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A hub for people to easily find other likeminded people. —
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Almost all of the community names, like Broadway (live theater) and Athens (philosophy and education), were centered on specific topics (Archive, 1996).1
Manipulation¶
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Interested on why it was not closed in Japan. —
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A decade later, on October 26, 2009, Yahoo! closed GeoCities for good in every country except Japan.1
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Diversification of revenue has become one of the most crucial elements of Internet businesses; from The Wall Street Journal online to YouTube, almost every website is now looking for multiple income streams to support its services.1
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