@shivkumarClayTabletsWeb2013
[!info] - Cite Key: @shivkumarClayTabletsWeb2013 - Link: Shiv Kumar - 2013 - From Clay Tablets to Web Journey of Library Catal.pdf - Abstract: The paper discusses the evolution and development of library catalogues from clay tablets to the web-based catalogue. In the early stages, cataloguing was a local and individual library practice. Each library constructed its own catalogue, most suited to its purpose. A series of continuous changes through the ages, in both, conventional and non-conventional catalogues, including recent technology inputs added various features to the present day catalogue. Today the computerised catalogue may function like a portal and this function can be exploited infinitely to connect to a variety of data considered useful for library users. The system designers are trying to adopt new trends in OPACs. Web-based catalogues initiated Web 2.0 trends like RSS feeds, blogs, downloadable e-media, and instant messages. The facelift of the simple catalogue was eminent to keep up with the versatile needs of the widely web-exposed library users.
Annotations¶
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Imported on 2023-01-31 1:53 pm¶
Questions / confusion¶
[!quote|#ffd400] Highlight The paper discusses the evolution and development of library catalogues from clay tablets to the web-based catalogue.
I wonder what kind of systems they were using and what it took for all these independent libaries to start using the same system.
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[!quote|#ffd400] Highlight In the early stages, cataloguing was a local and individual library practice. Each library constructed its own catalogue, most suited to its purpose.
Was this because each library had a specialty for the type of literature it had or how they chose to organize it.
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[!quote|#ffd400] Highlight OPAC
what is opac?
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[!quote|#ffd400] Highlight Gesner, Treflerus, and Maunsell who were framers of premier catalogues
Look up who these people are briefly
Page 2 [[2023-01-25#2:42 pm]]
[!quote|#ffd400] Highlight One of the most significant events in the history of cataloguing was the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP) known as the ‘Paris Principles’ held at Paris in 1961. Delegates from 53 countries and 12 international organisations participated in the conference. Though many countries were greatly influenced by the ICCP it did not provide a satisfactory basis for agreement and several national committees rejected certain clauses of the statement.
Was the fracturing of the world during the world wars the cause of all this joint standardization and corodination on the global scale?
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Relevant / important¶
[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight Many attempts were made at standardisation of bibliographic entries among library catalogues but primitive methods of bibliographic control continued to persist
So there were early attempts at standarization, I wonder why those failed/others succeded.
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight The 14th century catalogues included an author index appended to the inventory list which could be conceived as a true catalogue
First appearance of an official catalogue.
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight The 17th Century brought the Bodleian catalogue, an early form of the first dictionary catalogue with author and subjects filed in a single alphabetic order appeared, even though the single entry (author or title for anonymous) was the rule of the day.
next advancement
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight Computer-based catalogues appeared during 1960s
beginning of digital catalogues
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight These codes were developed to standardise practices and improve preceding ones.
With the digitilization of the world and the ability to travel to so many places the idea of standards became important so consumers know what is around them
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight In India, S.R. Ranganathan designed the Classified Catalogue Code (CCC) and its first edition was published in 1934. After five editions the last was in 1964. Each new edition sought to improve the preceding one. The subject approach was recognised as dominant in CCC. It had no restriction of language unlike other codes which were of non-local nature. The fifth edition appeared with additional rules and included a feature of economy as it does not cover the use of imprint and collation in its entries
A view from a non english speaking country, gving insight to what other parts of the world were doing.
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight Other changes are related to material for the blind, sound recordings, music, etc.
Finally some inclusivity on how we organize text
Page 3 [[2023-01-25#2:56 pm]]
[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight A catalogue database is the machine-readable form of the card catalogue and is made up of a number of bibliographic records which comprise a collection of data elements (author, title, publisher, subject heading, etc.) organised in a systematic manner which represents bibliographic items9.
Makes knowledge more accessible by being able to search by authors, titles etc instead of just one one of them like how card catalogues worked.
Page 3 [[2023-01-25#3:01 pm]]
[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight The concept of MARC (Machine Readable Catalogue) heralded a new era in libraries. MARC stimulated the development of library automation and information networks. The Library of Congress launched MARC-I as an experiment when there was no established bibliographic record in machinereadable form
Happened at the same time of the emergence of the internet.
Page 4 [[2023-01-25#3:14 pm]]
[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight large number of suppliers provided integrated systems for library management which included modules for various subsystems such as cataloguing, acquisition, circulation, serial control, interlibrary lending and also OPAC in the mid-eighties
This implies that a lot of companys built off of the premise of OPAC, OPAC seems to be more like a base for later improvements to the software
Page 5 [[2023-01-25#3:20 pm]]
[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight These OPACs had an in-built circulation system, which let users know the copy status of documents and allowed them to place reserves or holds on books16. Keyword search, Boolean search and the increased or decreased of search results were among the features of second generation OPACs. Interfaces were usually in two modes-menu driven and command-driven. This made flexible interaction between the user and OPAC more flexible. In terms of user assistance, these provided more options including, help access, error messages and suggestive prompts. Ease of use and user friendliness were two major features of this generation of OPACs.
A big trend that was in the early 90s was making computers and machines more user friendly, lowering the entrance barrier to using these systems.
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight hypertext function.
Can connect to grahms teaching
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight It is programmed to facilitate the library user to access OPAC remotely
Next big change. Not having to go to the physical library to check if they have a book just for them not to have it.
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight The GuI is available which is typically thought • of as a combination of windows with pull-down or drop down menus, icons and a pointing device such as mouse or trackball to manipulate information;
Another big change, switch from text based to GUI
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight The ability to use hypertext links to facilitate navigation through bibliographic records;
Graham mentioned hypertext. Maybe mention something about its definition
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[!quote|#a28ae5] Highlight Library catalogues were merely locating tool to find information, current catalogues are capable of providing information at the spot without going to library shelves because of integration of electronic resources with it.
The definition of a catalogue changed
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Agree¶
[!quote|#5fb236] Highlight The Archaeological Excavations Assurbanipal (1668-626 BC) revealed that bibliographic information was recorded on tablets that served as a crude location device by recording title, number of tablets, distinct subdivision, and a location.
Similar to how the C programming language handles memory, its basically "start here and end after x amount of bytes," in this context stone tablets.
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[!quote|#5fb236] Highlight One of IT’s greatest accomplishments is transformation of the card catalogue to the OPAC to facilitate libraries
This must have made a big impact on the inclusivity of how people can find materials. Building off of the ways computers can be handled by blind people (continue with rewording)
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[!quote|#5fb236] Highlight Searching by keywords
Side note. talk about how accessing information has become more available and the varietys of ways to search has increased this exponentially.
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[!quote|#5fb236] Highlight Most OPACs have textual information on the user screens/interfaces. Some OPACs have a provision of in-built help message and procedural learning/training to user in order to enhance optimum use of OPACs
Great to recognize that not all people can use tech like its second hand nature. Having these resources available is great to increase accessability to knowledge.
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[!quote|#5fb236] Highlight The modern catalogue should provide an easy access approach and all possible means to the user for searching the vast library resources.
A big topic I have mentioned, these advancements have made acessability a lot easier
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Definitions / concepts¶
[!quote|#2ea8e5] Highlight microform reader
need to look up what this is (can make an atomic note with pictures)
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[!quote|#2ea8e5] Highlight The logical arrangement and emphasis on conditions of authorship rather than types of works were a landmark improvement
A new approach to sorting literature.
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[!quote|#2ea8e5] Highlight ‘OPAC as an acronym for Online Public Access catalog, a database composed of bibliographic records describing the books and other materials owned by a library or library system, accessible via public terminals or workstations usually concentrated near the reference desk to make it easy for users to request the assistance of a trained reference librarian. Most online catalogues are searchable by author, title, subject, and keywords and allow users to print, download or export record to an e-mail account11.
OPAC definition
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[!quote|#2ea8e5] Highlight It functions as a ‘portal’ in a way not dissimilar to a library homepage, providing links to nonbibliographical data, either relating to users themselves, i.e., information about overdue books, fines, etc. or other library information like opening hours, etc. In principle, this portal function could be extended indefinitely to connect to a variety of data considered to be of interest to library users;
Its basically everything a traditional library would have but everything can be done a computer
Page 4 [[2023-01-25#3:04 pm]]
[!quote|#2ea8e5] Highlight his is a strategy to search information by entering the root part of a word with multiple variants or spellings using a symbol (usually*) but the symbol varies in some softwares
Learned this today on the library website (Can talk about how it modifies searches more indepth)
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Disagree¶
[!quote|#ff6666] Highlight 4.2 Web-OPAC
left off. A big conclusion so far is how over time making knowledge accessable to more people around the world.
Page 8 [[2023-01-25#3:36 pm]]
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